Cet article analyse les principales dimensions spatiales et socioprofessionnelles des travailleurs frontaliers aux différentes frontières de la France, notamment au sein des pôles d’emploi transfrontaliers de Genève, Bâle et de Luxembourg. Il s’appuie sur une exploitation des données du recensement français de la population, complétées par les données issues des pays de travail des frontaliers. Si les travailleurs frontaliers ont des caractéristiques sociodémographiques relativement communes aux différents pôles d’emploi transfrontaliers (plutôt des hommes, relativement jeunes…), l’article met en lumière une spécificité territoriale des profils socioprofessionnels en fonction des différents espaces transfrontaliers observés. Le travail frontalier constitue alors une modalité de la gestion territoriale de la main-d’œuvre et des compétences.

This article analyzes the main spatial and socio-professional dimensions of cross-border workers at the different borders of France, particularly within the cross-border employment poles of Geneva, Basel and Luxembourg. It is based on data from the French population census, supplemented by data from the countries where cross-border workers work. While cross-border workers have socio-demographic characteristics that are relatively common to the different cross-border employment centres (mostly men, relatively young, etc.), the article highlights the territorial specificity of socio-professional profiles according to the different cross-border spaces observed. Cross-border work thus constitutes a modality of territorial management of labor and skills.

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On March 10th (NEW DATE), our fifth Quadtrees Hub will take place. The aim is to share and discuss research in progress. Quadtrees’hubs are open to anyone interested and somehow familiar with some quantitative techniques and willing to progress with these. Please contact Isabelle Pigeron-Piroth for information.

HUB #5

When? 18^th of February 2020 CHANGED TO March 10th 14h-15h.

Where? Map Room (next to GIS room) 1st floor MSH, Belval.

14h-15h : Kerry Schiel  (Université du Luxembourg, GEO) : Portraying Urban Sprawl from Space: an update and geographical effects

We test the robustness to change in geographical grids and extents of the urban sprawl measure implemented a decade ago by Burchfield et al (2006) on the conterminous United States. They calculate urban sprawl as the percentage of open space surrounding residential cells using a fixed 1km2 grid.  They then used this index to determine which factors positively contribute to the development of sprawl.

Instead of a fixed grid, we use a moving 1km2 window, centered on each cell, which is more in line with standard GIS and landscape metrics applications and with the sprawl concept suggested. We also change the areal extent used within each metropolitan area for the calculation based on the development of residential cells in the period between 1976 and 1992.  This is to determine whether changing the definition of the urban fringe will affect the outcome of the sprawl index values.  Mostly recently, we calculated an updated measure of sprawl using data from 2016, to compare with that from 1992.  Through these methods, we analyze how our more spatially accurate calculations affect the sprawl index values, and hence, the understanding of the factors that contribute to sprawl.

When? 21st of January 2019 14h-16h.

Where? Map Room (next to GIS room) 1st floor MSH, Belval.

14h-15h : Justin Delloye (LISER) : A mathematical approach of residential migration dynamics

The spatial distribution of a regional population, the residential pattern, is an important topic for public authorities because it is related to concerning issues such as access to housing or sustainable commuting. Its evolution is essentially driven by residential migrations, which form a complex dynamic system because of the feedbacks between residential migrations and residential patterns. To handle this complexity, researchers usually rely on numerical simulation tools such as agent-based models or cellular automata. However, these methods still suffer from a few shortcomings among which calibration and validation issues, as well as biases due to discrete time steps.

In this talk, I present a mathematical model of residential migrations that can complement current numerical approaches by addressing these calibration, validation and temporal issues. The model is presented with two applications. First, an individual model of residential migration is built, which reconciles previous stochastic representations of dynamic spatial interaction models by introducing an endogenous “decision rate” parameter. This parameter is then estimated using Belgian residential flows in 2005. Second, the individual model is aggregated to express the evolution of a residential pattern as a Markovian system. This aggregation procedure is then used to study the structural properties of a traditional core-periphery model of economic geography.

15h-16h :  Brano Glumac (LISER) :What are the housing needs and solutions for the households with frequent residential mobility patterns? A qualitative systematic review

The objective is to generate the transdisciplinary conceptual framework capable of sketching the attributes of flexible housing solutions and their benefits to households with frequent residential mobility patterns.

Residential mobility has an impact on available housing solutions and vice versa. Frequent residential change is potentially a useful marker for the household financial danger and lack of wealth accumulation via classical property tenures. Thus this systematic review supports the enlargement of housing solutions by generating and exploring a framework to support these residentially mobile households for whom lack of means for wealth generation may be identified. Therefore, a primary research question asks what are the housing needs and solutions reported in the literature that should suit households with frequent residential mobility patterns. Followed by a secondary question; what are the attributes of the identified flexible housing solutions?

Narrative and framework synthesis were used consecutively to generate and explore the conceptual framework of flexible housing. Both are qualitative synthesis based on configurative synthesis within a purposive sampling framework approach. This approach is the best suited to generate new emerging concepts. The first step of framework synthesis approach provides an answer to a broader question of the housing needs for the population with frequent mobility patterns. The second step identifies the attributes of the non-exhaustive list of the interventions. Searching for studies adopts a purposive sampling framework (author identified three groups of housing interventions or solutions for residents with high mobility pattern: technical, service-based and institutional) based on an existing body of literature. Studies that investigated international migration for asylum were excluded. Two reviewers assessed each study using quality criteria with particular attention to the consideration of bias. Data were extracted for analysis using a thematic analysis. Eight-hundred studies were included for this review.

Tuesday 17th of December, our third Quadtrees Hub will take place – to discuss ongoing research in quantitative methods, urban analytics and spatial data from both the Urban Development and Mobility Dpt of LISER and the Dpt of Geography and Spatial Planning at the University of Luxembourg. The aim is to share and discuss research in progress. Quadtrees’hubs are open to anyone interested and somehow familiar with some quantitative techniques and willing to progress with these. Please contact Isabelle Pigeron-Piroth for information.

HUB #3

When? 17th of December 2019 14h-16h.

Where? Map Room (next to GIS room) 1st floor MSH, Belval.

14h-15h : Marlène Boura : Landscape typology of urban forest ecosystem services across European urban areas

In this talk we will present a typology of more that 800 Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). Urban areas are clustered regarding spatial metrics associated to different urban forest ecosystem services (ES) potentials and threats.

Urban areas exhibit a large variety of patterns which may affect differently the potential of ES. ES are essentials to counteract the urban pressure on the environment and its impact on the well-being of its inhabitants. Yet, the effects of the relative spatial arrangement of vegetation, forests and water bodies, with respect to the artificial urban lands on potential ES are still not systematically analysed.

We propose a typology, based on the intra-urban structure of cities and the associated ES potentials coming from the urban forest. More particularly, we investigate the share of different land uses and the distance between human settlements, forests and the other vegetated lands as well as their relative spatial distribution within urban settlements. We then use spatial metrics as proxies for urban ES associated with urban forests – e.g., micro and macro climate regulation, air pollution removal, rainwater runoff, mental and physical health. The typology is created using an unsupervised machine learning approach (clustering) with standardized spatial metrics as input data.

15h-16h : Kaarel Sikk : Model exploration with OpenMole software

In the talk we discuss model exploration techniques and present them using dedicated OpenMole software. The talk focuses on sensitivity analysis and calibration of spatial Agent-based simulation models. Some other model exploration techniques are described. 

To do so we are using an ABM simulation of hunter-gatherer central place foraging model. The model was developed based on traditional aspatial analytical model coming from the domain of human behavioural ecology. Spatial ABM implementation added opportunity of testing the model with heterogeneous environments. With presented examples I am testing models robustness to environment heterogeneity generating random environments with different spatial autocorrelations. 

For robustness testing we present a input space exploration experiment with Sobol sampling over the parameter space. We are also exploring ideas designing an origin search experiment by extending traditional model calibration techniques. 

HUB #2

When? 12th of NOv 2019 14h00-15h00.
Where? Map Room (next to GIS room) 1st floor MSH, Belval.

14H-15H : Paul Kilgarriff : Change in Artificial Land Use over time across European Cities: A rescaled radial perspective

In this presentation we present a radial analysis of cities in order to understand what the recent changes in artificial land use (ALU) across Europe and how this change relates to city size. We examine whether Gibrat’s law holds for artificial land use change, i.e. ALU growth and city size are independent. We not only examine Gibrat at an aggregate level but we also examine the internal structure of cities by controlling for the effect of city size. A scaling law is used to examine the internal structure of cities, as determined by distance to the city center. Using the population of the city and the population of the largest city in the dataset, we are able to display a complex two-dimensional intra-urban structure of a city in a one-dimensional space. Controlling for city size enables us to compare the change ALU for different groups of cities, i.e. small versus large cities, which are related to issues such as sprawl and urban expansion. The second argument for focusing on Gibrat is to examine where the ALU change happens and whether that ‘where’ is changing with city size. We can examine where the biggest change in ALU is occurring in relation to distance the central business district.